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裂项相消法1——等差型


裂项相消法1——等差型


裂项相消法是把一个数列的每一项分裂为两项之差的形式,从而求数列之和的方法. 根据数列类型的不同,可以分为多种类型,本节讲等差型.


如果是相邻两个自然数的乘积,有:


1n(n+1)\dfrac{1}{n(n+1)}=1n1n+1 =\dfrac{1}{n} -\dfrac{1}{n+1}


更一般地,有:


1n(n+k)\dfrac{1}{n(n+k)} =1k(1n1n+k) =\dfrac{1}{k} \Big ( \dfrac{1}{n} -\dfrac{1}{n+k} \Big )


例1】计算


11×2\dfrac{1}{1 \times 2}  +12×3+ \dfrac{1}{2 \times 3}  +13×4+ \dfrac{1}{3 \times 4}  ++ \cdots  +199×100+ \dfrac{1}{99 \times 100} 


,原式


== (1112) \Big ( \dfrac{1}{1} - \dfrac{1}{2} \Big ) +(1213)+ \Big ( \dfrac{1}{2} -\dfrac{1}{3} \Big ) +(1314)+ \Big ( \dfrac{1}{3} -\dfrac{1}{4} \Big )  ++ \cdots  +(1991100)+ \Big ( \dfrac{1}{99} -\dfrac{1}{100} \Big ) 


=11100= 1 -\dfrac{1}{100}


=99100= \dfrac{99}{100}



例2】计算


13×6\dfrac{1}{3 \times 6} +16×9 + \dfrac{1}{6 \times 9}  +19×12+ \dfrac{1}{9 \times 12}  ++ \cdots +196×99+ \dfrac{1}{96 \times 99} 


,原式


=13= \dfrac{1}{3} (1316)\Big ( \dfrac{1}{3} - \dfrac{1}{6} \Big )  +13(1619)+ \dfrac{1}{3} \Big ( \dfrac{1}{6} - \dfrac{1}{9} \Big )  +13(19112)+ \dfrac{1}{3} \Big ( \dfrac{1}{9} - \dfrac{1}{12} \Big )++ \cdots +13(196199)+\dfrac{1}{3} \Big ( \dfrac{1}{96} - \dfrac{1}{99} \Big )


=13(13199)=\dfrac{1}{3} \Big ( \dfrac{1}{3} - \dfrac{1}{99} \Big )


=13(3299)=\dfrac{1}{3} \Big ( \dfrac{32}{99} \Big )


=32297=\dfrac{32}{297}



推广,可得到


1n(n+1)(n+2)\dfrac{1}{n(n+1)(n+2)}


=12(n+1)=\dfrac{1}{2(n+1)}(1n1n+2)\Big ( \dfrac{1}{n} -\dfrac{1}{n+2} \Big )


=12=\dfrac{1}{2}  (1n(n+1)1(n+1)(n+2))\Big ( \dfrac{1}{n(n+1)} -\dfrac{1}{(n+1)(n+2)} \Big )



练习】计算


11×2×3\dfrac{1}{1 \times 2 \times 3}  +12×3×4+ \dfrac{1}{2 \times 3 \times 4}  +13×4×5+\dfrac{1}{3 \times 4 \times 5}  ++\cdots +198×99×100 +\dfrac{1}{98 \times 99 \times 100}  .

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